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Introduction to C Programming

C programming is a powerful general-purpose language that is used to develop various applications. It was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972. C is a procedural programming language that provides low-level access to memory, a rich set of operators, and a simple syntax.

Key Features:

• Simple and efficient language
• Structured programming approach
• Portability across different platforms
• Rich set of built-in functions
• Extensive use in system programming

Course Content:

📘 C Programming Course Content Module 1: Introduction to Programming
What is Programming?

History of C Language

Features of C

Applications of C

Structure of a C Program

Compilation & Execution Process

Installing C Compiler (GCC, Turbo C)

Module 2: Basics of C Language

Keywords and Identifiers

Constants and Variables

Data Types in C

Type Conversion

Input & Output Functions

printf(), scanf()

Comments in C

Module 3: Operators and Expressions

Arithmetic Operators

Relational Operators

Logical Operators

Assignment Operators

Increment & Decrement Operators

Bitwise Operators

Operator Precedence & Associativity

Expressions

Module 4: Control Statements

Decision Making Statements

if, if-else, nested if

switch-case

Looping Statements

for loop

while loop

do-while loop

Jump Statements

break

continue

goto

return

Module 5: Arrays

Introduction to Arrays

One-Dimensional Arrays

Two-Dimensional Arrays

Multi-Dimensional Arrays

Array Initialization

Array Operations (Searching, Sorting)

Passing Arrays to Functions

Module 6: Strings

Introduction to Strings

String Declaration & Initialization

String Input/Output

String Handling Functions

strlen(), strcpy()

strcmp(), strcat()

String Programs

Module 7: Functions

Introduction to Functions

Types of Functions

Function Declaration & Definition

Function Call

Call by Value

Call by Reference

Recursive Functions

Module 8: Pointers

Introduction to Pointers

Pointer Declaration & Initialization

Pointer Arithmetic

Pointers with Arrays

Pointers with Functions

Pointers to Pointers

Module 9: Structures and Unions

Introduction to Structures

Structure Declaration & Initialization

Array of Structures

Structures with Functions

Unions

Difference between Structure and Union

Module 10: Enumerations and Typedef

enum in C

typedef

Use Cases

Module 11: File Handling

Introduction to Files

File Modes

File Functions

fopen(), fclose()

fprintf(), fscanf()

fgetc(), fputc()

File Handling Programs

Module 12: Dynamic Memory Allocation

malloc()

calloc()

realloc()

free()

Memory Management

Module 13: Preprocessor Directives

#include

#define

Macros

Conditional Compilation

Module 14: Error Handling & Debugging

Common Errors in C

Compile-Time Errors

Run-Time Errors

Logical Errors

Debugging Techniques

Module 15: Advanced C Concepts

Command Line Arguments

Bit Manipulation

Storage Classes

auto, static, extern, register

Header Files

Module 16: C Programming Practice

Pattern Printing Programs

Number Programs

Array & String Programs

File Handling Programs

Mini Projects

Introduction to Web Development

Web development is the process of creating websites and web applications. It involves various technologies including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and various frameworks and libraries.

Key Technologies:

• HTML: Structure and content
• CSS: Styling and layout
• JavaScript: Interactivity and functionality
• Frameworks: React, Angular, Vue.js

Course Content:

🌐 Web Development Course Content Module 1: Introduction to Web Development
What is Web Development?

How the Internet Works

Client–Server Architecture

Frontend vs Backend vs Full-Stack

Web Technologies Overview

Tools & Editors (VS Code, Browser DevTools)

Module 2: HTML – HyperText Markup Language

Introduction to HTML

Structure of an HTML Document

Basic Tags
(html, head, title, body)

Text Formatting Tags

Lists (Ordered, Unordered, Description)

Links & Images

Tables

Forms & Input Types

Semantic HTML (header, nav, section, article, footer)

HTML5 Features

Module 3: CSS – Cascading Style Sheets

Introduction to CSS

Types of CSS (Inline, Internal, External)

Selectors & Properties

Colors, Backgrounds, Borders

Box Model

Text & Font Styling

Display Properties

Positioning (static, relative, absolute, fixed)

Flexbox

CSS Grid

Media Queries (Responsive Design)

Animations & Transitions

Module 4: Bootstrap & UI Design

Introduction to Bootstrap

Grid System

Components (Buttons, Cards, Navbar)

Forms & Modals

Icons & Utilities

Responsive Layout Design

UI/UX Basics

Module 5: JavaScript – Basics

Introduction to JavaScript

Variables (var, let, const)

Data Types

Operators

Conditional Statements

Loops

Functions

Arrays & Objects

String & Math Functions

Module 6: JavaScript – DOM & Events

DOM Introduction

DOM Selectors

DOM Manipulation

Events & Event Handling

Form Validation

Timers (setTimeout, setInterval)

Browser Storage (LocalStorage, SessionStorage)

Module 7: Advanced JavaScript

ES6 Features

Arrow Functions

Destructuring

Spread & Rest Operators

Callbacks

Promises

Async & Await

Error Handling

Fetch API & AJAX

Module 8: Version Control – Git & GitHub

Introduction to Git

Git Commands

GitHub Repository

Branching & Merging

Collaboration Workflow

Module 9: Backend Development (Node.js & Express.js)

Introduction to Backend

Node.js Basics

NPM Packages

Express.js Framework

Routing

Middleware

REST API Development

Module 10: Database

Introduction to Databases

SQL vs NoSQL

MySQL Basics

CRUD Operations

MongoDB Basics

Collections & Documents

Database Integration with Backend

Module 11: Authentication & Security

User Authentication

Authorization

Password Hashing

JWT (JSON Web Token)

Web Security Basics

HTTPS & CORS

Module 12: Full-Stack Integration

Connecting Frontend with Backend

API Integration

Handling Forms & Data

Error Handling

Deployment Flow

Module 13: Deployment & Hosting

Hosting Basics

Domain & DNS

Deploying Websites
(GitHub Pages, Netlify, Vercel)

Deploying Backend
(Render, Railway)

Environment Variables

Module 14: Real-Time Projects

Personal Portfolio Website

E-Learning Website

Online Sweet Shop Website

Blog Website

E-Commerce Website

Student Management System

Module 15: Career & Interview Preparation

Web Developer Roadmap

Resume & Portfolio Creation

Common Interview Questions

Coding Practice

Freelancing & Internship Guide

🧑‍💻 Technologies Covered

HTML5

CSS3

JavaScript (ES6+)

Bootstrap

Git & GitHub

Node.js

Express.js

MongoDB / MySQL

A database is an organized collection of data stored electronically. It helps in storing, managing, and retrieving information efficiently. Databases are widely used in applications like websites, banking, and schools. Examples include MySQL, Oracle, MongoDB, and SQL Server.

Key Features:

• Simple and efficient language
• Structured programming approach
• Portability across different platforms
• Rich set of built-in functions
• Extensive use in system programming

Course Content:

🗄️ Database (DBMS) Course Content Module 1: Introduction to Database
What is Data?

What is a Database?

Database vs File System

Advantages of Database Systems

Applications of Databases

Database Users & Roles

Module 2: Database Management System (DBMS)

Definition of DBMS

Functions of DBMS

Types of DBMS

DBMS Architecture

Components of DBMS

Module 3: Data Models

Hierarchical Data Model

Network Data Model

Relational Data Model

Object-Oriented Data Model

Entity–Relationship (ER) Model

Module 4: Entity Relationship (ER) Model

Entities & Attributes

Types of Attributes

Relationships

Degree of Relationship

Cardinality

ER Diagrams

Module 5: Relational Database Concepts

Tables, Rows & Columns

Keys

Primary Key

Foreign Key

Candidate Key

Composite Key

Super Key

Constraints

Integrity Rules

Module 6: SQL – Structured Query Language
6.1 SQL Basics

Introduction to SQL

SQL Data Types

SQL Commands

6.2 Data Definition Language (DDL)

CREATE

ALTER

DROP

TRUNCATE

6.3 Data Manipulation Language (DML)

INSERT

UPDATE

DELETE

SELECT

6.4 Data Control Language (DCL)

GRANT

REVOKE

6.5 Transaction Control Language (TCL)

COMMIT

ROLLBACK

SAVEPOINT

Module 7: SQL Advanced Concepts

WHERE Clause

ORDER BY

GROUP BY

HAVING

Aggregate Functions
(SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN)

Joins

Inner Join

Left Join

Right Join

Full Join

Subqueries

Views

Indexes

Module 8: Database Normalization

Need for Normalization

Functional Dependencies

Normal Forms

1NF

2NF

3NF

BCNF

Denormalization

Module 9: Transactions & Concurrency Control

Transaction Concept

ACID Properties

Transaction States

Concurrency Problems

Locking Techniques

Deadlock

Module 10: Database Security

Database Security Concepts

User Authentication

Authorization

Roles & Privileges

SQL Injection

Backup & Recovery

Module 11: Database Backup & Recovery

Types of Failures

Backup Methods

Recovery Techniques

Log-Based Recovery

Module 12: NoSQL Databases

Introduction to NoSQL

Types of NoSQL Databases

MongoDB Basics

Collections & Documents

CRUD Operations in MongoDB

Module 13: Database Connectivity

Database Connectivity Concepts

JDBC / ODBC Basics

Connecting Database with Applications

Database with Web Applications

Module 14: Performance Tuning

Query Optimization

Indexing Techniques

Execution Plans

Database Monitoring

Module 15: Real-Time Database Projects

Student Management System

Library Management System

Online Shopping Database

Banking Database

E-Learning Platform Database

Introduction to java Programming

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language. It is platform-independent because it runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Java is widely used for web applications, mobile apps, and enterprise software. It is known for its security, reliability, and robustness.

Key Features:

• Simple and efficient language
• Structured programming approach
• Portability across different platforms
• Rich set of built-in functions
• Extensive use in system programming

Course Content:

☕ Java Programming Course Content
Module 1: Introduction to Java

What is Java?

History & Features of Java

Java vs C/C++

Java Editions (JSE, JEE, JME)

Java Development Kit (JDK)

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Java Program Structure

Compilation & Execution Process

Module 2: Java Basics

Keywords & Identifiers

Variables & Constants

Data Types

Type Casting

Operators

Input / Output (Scanner, System.out)

Comments

Module 3: Control Statements

Conditional Statements

if, if-else, else-if

switch

Looping Statements

for

while

do-while

Jump Statements

break

continue

return

Module 4: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

OOP Concepts

Class & Object

Methods

Constructors

this Keyword

Access Modifiers

Encapsulation

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Abstraction

Module 5: Arrays & Strings

One-Dimensional Arrays

Multi-Dimensional Arrays

Array Operations

String Class

String Methods

StringBuffer & StringBuilder

Module 6: Packages & Interfaces

Packages

Creating User-Defined Packages

Interfaces

Multiple Inheritance using Interfaces

Module 7: Exception Handling

Types of Errors

Exception Hierarchy

try, catch, finally

throw & throws

User-Defined Exceptions

Module 8: Multithreading

Thread Concept

Thread Lifecycle

Creating Threads

Thread Synchronization

Inter-Thread Communication

Module 9: File Handling & I/O Streams

File Class

Byte Streams

Character Streams

Serialization & Deserialization

Module 10: Java Collections Framework

Collection Interface

List (ArrayList, LinkedList)

Set (HashSet, TreeSet)

Map (HashMap, TreeMap)

Iterator

Comparable & Comparator

Module 11: Java 8 & Advanced Features

Lambda Expressions

Functional Interfaces

Streams API

Optional Class

Date & Time API

Module 12: Database Connectivity (JDBC)

Introduction to JDBC

JDBC Architecture

Steps to Connect Database

CRUD Operations using JDBC

PreparedStatement

CallableStatement

Module 13: GUI Programming

AWT Basics

Swing Components

Event Handling

Layout Managers

JavaFX (Introduction)

Module 14: Web Technologies with Java

Introduction to Web Applications

Servlets

JSP

MVC Architecture

Session Management

Module 15: Frameworks (Introduction)

Spring Framework Basics

Spring Boot Overview

Hibernate (ORM)

Maven & Gradle

Module 16: Testing & Debugging

Debugging Techniques

Logging

JUnit Basics

Module 17: Deployment & Version Control

JAR & WAR Files

Application Deployment

Git & GitHub Basics

Module 18: Real-Time Projects

Student Management System

Banking Application

Library Management System

Online Examination System

E-Commerce Application

Introduction to python Programming

Python is a high-level, easy-to-learn programming language. It uses simple syntax, making it beginner-friendly. Python is widely used in web development, data science, AI, and automation. It has a large library support and a strong developer community.

Key Features:

• Simple and efficient language
• Structured programming approach
• Portability across different platforms
• Rich set of built-in functions
• Extensive use in system programming

Course Content:

🐍 Python Programming Course Content
Module 1: Introduction to Python

What is Python?

History & Features of Python

Applications of Python

Python Versions

Installing Python & IDEs (IDLE, VS Code, PyCharm)

First Python Program

Module 2: Python Basics

Keywords & Identifiers

Variables & Constants

Data Types
(int, float, string, boolean)

Type Conversion

Input & Output

input(), print()

Comments

Module 3: Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Relational Operators

Logical Operators

Assignment Operators

Bitwise Operators

Operator Precedence

Module 4: Control Statements

Conditional Statements

if

if-else

elif

Looping Statements

for

while

Loop Control

break

continue

pass

Module 5: Data Structures

List

Tuple

Set

Dictionary

Operations & Methods

List Comprehension

Module 6: Strings

String Creation

String Indexing & Slicing

String Methods

String Formatting

Module 7: Functions

Built-in Functions

User-Defined Functions

Function Arguments

Return Statement

Lambda Functions

Recursion

Module 8: Modules & Packages

Importing Modules

Built-in Modules

Creating User-Defined Modules

Packages

Module 9: File Handling

File Opening & Closing

Reading & Writing Files

File Modes

Working with Text & Binary Files

Module 10: Exception Handling

Types of Errors

try, except

else, finally

Raising Exceptions

User-Defined Exceptions

Module 11: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Class & Object

Constructors

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Encapsulation

Abstraction

Module 12: Python Standard Libraries

math

random

datetime

os

sys

Module 13: Database Connectivity

Introduction to Databases

Python with MySQL / SQLite

CRUD Operations

Using sqlite3 / mysql-connector

Module 14: Web Development with Python

Introduction to Web Frameworks

Flask Basics

Django Overview

Templates & Routing

Module 15: Data Analysis & Visualization

Introduction to Data Analysis

NumPy Basics

Pandas Basics

Matplotlib Basics

Module 16: Automation & Scripting

Automation Basics

Working with Files & Folders

Email Automation

Web Scraping (Basics)

Module 17: Testing & Debugging

Debugging Techniques

Logging

Unit Testing (Basics)

Module 18: Version Control

Git Basics

GitHub Workflow

Module 19: Real-Time Projects

Calculator Application

Student Management System

Library Management System

Web Application using Flask

Data Analysis Mini Project

Introduction to Os

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources. It acts as an interface between the user and the computer system. The OS handles tasks like memory management, process control, and file management. Examples of operating systems include Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android.

Key Features:

• Simple and efficient language
• Structured programming approach
• Portability across different platforms
• Rich set of built-in functions
• Extensive use in system programming

Course Content:

💻 Operating System (OS) Course Content
Module 1: Introduction to Operating System

What is an Operating System?

Functions of Operating System

Types of Operating Systems

Operating System as a Resource Manager

Evolution of Operating Systems

Module 2: Types of Operating Systems

Batch Operating System

Time Sharing Operating System

Multiprogramming Operating System

Multitasking Operating System

Multiuser Operating System

Distributed Operating System

Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)

Module 3: Operating System Structure

OS Components

Kernel & Shell

System Calls

OS Services

OS Architecture

Module 4: Process Management

Process Concept

Process States

Process Control Block (PCB)

Process Scheduling

Context Switching

Threads & Multithreading

Module 5: CPU Scheduling

Scheduling Criteria

Scheduling Algorithms:

First Come First Serve (FCFS)

Shortest Job First (SJF)

Priority Scheduling

Round Robin

Preemptive & Non-Preemptive Scheduling

Module 6: Inter-Process Communication (IPC)

IPC Concept

Shared Memory

Message Passing

Semaphores

Mutex

Critical Section Problem

Module 7: Deadlocks

Deadlock Concept

Conditions for Deadlock

Deadlock Prevention

Deadlock Avoidance

Deadlock Detection

Recovery from Deadlock

Banker’s Algorithm

Module 8: Memory Management

Memory Hierarchy

Logical & Physical Address

Memory Allocation Techniques

Paging

Segmentation

Virtual Memory

Page Replacement Algorithms:

FIFO

LRU

Optimal

Module 9: File System

File Concept

File Types

File Operations

Directory Structure

File Allocation Methods

File Access Methods

Module 10: Disk Management

Disk Structure

Disk Scheduling Algorithms:

FCFS

SSTF

SCAN

C-SCAN

LOOK

C-LOOK

Module 11: Input/Output Management

I/O Devices

Device Controllers

Device Drivers

I/O Scheduling

Buffering

Caching

Spooling

Module 12: Security & Protection

OS Security Concepts

Authentication

Authorization

Access Control

Protection Mechanisms

Threats & Attacks

Module 13: Virtualization & Cloud OS (Basics)

Virtual Machines

Hypervisors

Containerization (Basics)

Cloud Operating Systems

Module 14: Case Study of Operating Systems

Windows OS Architecture

Linux OS Architecture

UNIX OS Overview

Android OS Overview

Module 15: Practical & Hands-on

Linux Commands

Process Management Commands

File & Directory Commands

User Management

Shell Scripting (Basics)

Module 16: Performance & System Monitoring

Performance Metrics

CPU & Memory Monitoring

System Logs

Module 17: Real-Time OS Projects

CPU Scheduling Simulator

Memory Management Simulator

Process Synchronization Programs

Linux Shell Scripts

Introduction to DSA

DSA (Data Structures and Algorithms) is the study of organizing and processing data efficiently. Data structures like arrays, lists, and trees help store and manage data. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures to solve problems and perform tasks. DSA is essential for programming, software development, and optimizing performance.

Key Features:

• Simple and efficient language
• Structured programming approach
• Portability across different platforms
• Rich set of built-in functions
• Extensive use in system programming

Course Content:

📊 Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA) Course Content
Module 1: Introduction to DSA

What is Data Structure?

What is Algorithm?

Importance of DSA

Types of Data Structures

Time & Space Complexity (Basics)

Asymptotic Notations

Big-O

Big-Ω

Big-Θ

Module 2: Arrays

Introduction to Arrays

One-Dimensional Arrays

Multi-Dimensional Arrays

Array Operations

Traversal

Insertion

Deletion

Searching

Applications of Arrays

Module 3: Strings

String Basics

String Operations

Pattern Matching

String Algorithms (Basics)

Module 4: Linked Lists

Introduction to Linked List

Singly Linked List

Doubly Linked List

Circular Linked List

Linked List Operations

Applications of Linked Lists

Module 5: Stack

Introduction to Stack

Stack Operations

Array Implementation of Stack

Linked List Implementation of Stack

Applications of Stack

Expression Evaluation

Recursion

Parenthesis Checking

Module 6: Queue

Introduction to Queue

Types of Queue

Simple Queue

Circular Queue

Priority Queue

Deque

Queue Operations

Applications of Queue

Module 7: Recursion

Concept of Recursion

Types of Recursion

Recursive Algorithms

Advantages & Disadvantages

Module 8: Searching Algorithms

Linear Search

Binary Search

Comparison & Use Cases

Module 9: Sorting Algorithms

Bubble Sort

Selection Sort

Insertion Sort

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Heap Sort

Comparison of Sorting Algorithms

Module 10: Trees

Introduction to Trees

Binary Tree

Binary Search Tree (BST)

Tree Traversals

Inorder

Preorder

Postorder

Height & Depth

Applications of Trees

Module 11: Heaps

Introduction to Heap

Min Heap & Max Heap

Heap Operations

Heap Sort

Module 12: Graphs

Introduction to Graphs

Types of Graphs

Graph Representation

Adjacency Matrix

Adjacency List

Graph Traversals

BFS

DFS

Applications of Graphs

Module 13: Hashing

Introduction to Hashing

Hash Functions

Collision Handling

Chaining

Open Addressing

Hash Tables

Module 14: Greedy Algorithms

Introduction to Greedy Approach

Activity Selection Problem

Fractional Knapsack

Huffman Coding

Module 15: Dynamic Programming

Introduction to Dynamic Programming

Overlapping Subproblems

Optimal Substructure

Fibonacci Series

Knapsack Problem

Longest Common Subsequence (LCS)

Module 16: Divide & Conquer

Introduction to Divide & Conquer

Binary Search

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Module 17: Backtracking

Introduction to Backtracking

N-Queen Problem

Rat in a Maze

Sudoku Solver

Module 18: Advanced Topics (Optional)

Trie

Segment Tree

Disjoint Set (Union-Find)

Graph Shortest Path Algorithms

Dijkstra

Bellman-Ford

Module 19: Practical & Coding Practice

Implementing DSA in C / C++ / Java / Python

Solving Coding Problems

Competitive Programming Basics

Online Coding Platforms Practice

Module 20: Real-Time Projects

Student Record Management using DSA

Library Management System

Search Engine (Basic)

Route Finder Application

Introduction to Computer Networking

A computer network is a system of connected computers that share data and resources. It allows communication between devices over short or long distances. Networks can be wired or wireless, such as LAN, WAN, and Wi-Fi. They are essential for the internet, online services, and data sharing.

Key Features:

• Simple and efficient language
• Structured programming approach
• Portability across different platforms
• Rich set of built-in functions
• Extensive use in system programming

Course Content:

🌐 Computer Networks Course Content
Module 1: Introduction to Computer Networks

What is a Computer Network?

Need for Networking

Components of a Network

Data Communication

Network Goals

Types of Networks (LAN, MAN, WAN)

Module 2: Network Topologies

Bus Topology

Star Topology

Ring Topology

Mesh Topology

Tree Topology

Hybrid Topology

Advantages & Disadvantages

Module 3: Network Models

OSI Reference Model

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

TCP/IP Model

Comparison of OSI & TCP/IP Models

Module 4: Transmission Media

Guided Media

Twisted Pair Cable

Coaxial Cable

Optical Fiber

Unguided Media

Radio Waves

Microwaves

Infrared

Transmission Modes

Module 5: Data Link Layer

Functions of Data Link Layer

Framing

Error Detection & Correction

Parity Check

CRC

Hamming Code

Flow Control

ARQ Protocols

Module 6: Network Layer

Functions of Network Layer

IP Addressing (IPv4 & IPv6)

Subnetting

Routing

Routing Algorithms

Routers

Module 7: Transport Layer

Functions of Transport Layer

TCP vs UDP

Port Numbers

Flow Control

Congestion Control

Module 8: Application Layer

Application Layer Services

HTTP & HTTPS

FTP

SMTP

POP3 & IMAP

DNS

Module 9: Switching Techniques

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Message Switching

Virtual Circuits

Module 10: Network Devices

Hub

Switch

Router

Bridge

Repeater

Gateway

Modem

Firewall

Module 11: Network Security

Network Security Basics

Threats & Attacks

Encryption & Decryption

Firewalls

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

VPN

Module 12: Wireless & Mobile Networks

Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi)

Introduction to Computer Fundamentals

Computer fundamentals are the basic concepts and principles of computers. They include understanding hardware, software, input/output devices, and data storage. Fundamentals also cover how computers process information and perform tasks. Learning them is essential for using and programming computers effectively.

Key Topics:

• Computer hardware and software
• Operating systems
• Computer networks
• Internet and web technologies
• Computer security basics

Course Content:

🖥️ Computer Fundamentals Course Content
Module 1: Introduction to Computers

Definition of Computer

Characteristics of Computer

Applications of Computer

Advantages & Limitations of Computer

Evolution of Computers

Module 2: Types of Computers

Analog Computers

Digital Computers

Hybrid Computers

Supercomputers

Mainframe Computers

Minicomputers

Microcomputers

Module 3: Components of Computer System

Input Devices

Output Devices

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Memory Unit

Storage Devices

Module 4: Hardware

Computer Hardware Overview

Motherboard

Processor

RAM & ROM

Hard Disk / SSD

Peripheral Devices

Module 5: Software

System Software

Application Software

Utility Software

Programming Software

Open Source vs Proprietary Software

Module 6: Operating System Basics

What is an Operating System?

Functions of Operating System

Types of Operating Systems

Examples of Operating Systems

Module 7: Computer Memory

Primary Memory

Secondary Memory

Cache Memory

Memory Units (Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB)

Memory Hierarchy

Module 8: Input & Output Devices
Input Devices

Keyboard

Mouse

Scanner

Webcam

Microphone

Touch Screen

Output Devices

Monitor

Printer

Speaker

Plotter

Projector

Module 9: Data & Information

Data vs Information

Types of Data

Information Processing Cycle

Module 10: Number System

Decimal Number System

Binary Number System

Octal Number System

Hexadecimal Number System

Number System Conversions

Module 11: Computer Languages

Machine Language

Assembly Language

High-Level Languages

Translators (Compiler, Interpreter, Assembler)

Module 12: Basics of Programming

What is Programming?

Algorithm

Flowchart

Program Development Steps

Module 13: Networking Basics

What is Computer Network?

Types of Networks

Internet, Intranet, Extranet

Network Devices (Basics)

Module 14: Internet & Email

Internet Basics

Web Browser

Search Engines

Email Concepts

Email Services

Module 15: Cyber Security Basics

Cyber Crime

Virus & Malware

Antivirus Software

Safe Internet Practices

Module 16: Computer Ethics

Computer Ethics

Intellectual Property Rights

Software Piracy

Cyber Laws (Basics)

Module 17: Office Automation (Basics)

Word Processing

Spreadsheet

Presentation Software

Examples (MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint)

Module 18: Emerging Technologies (Introduction)

Artificial Intelligence

Cloud Computing

Internet of Things (IoT)

Big Data

Module 19: Practical & Hands-on

Computer Components Identification

Basic OS Operations

File & Folder Management

Internet Usage

Email Practice

Physics Curriculum

Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. Our comprehensive physics course covers all essential topics for higher secondary education.

Syllabus Coverage:

• Mechanics
• Thermodynamics
• Optics
• Electromagnetism
• Modern Physics

Course Content:

📘 Class 11 Physics – Course Content
🔰 Unit 1: Physical World and Measurement

Physics: Scope and Excitement

Nature of Physical Laws

Units and Measurements

SI Units

Significant Figures

Errors in Measurement

Dimensional Analysis

🧲 Unit 2: Kinematics

Motion in a Straight Line

Motion in a Plane

Scalars and Vectors

Velocity and Acceleration

Graphical Representation of Motion

⚙️ Unit 3: Laws of Motion

Aristotle’s and Newton’s Ideas

Newton’s Laws of Motion

Free Body Diagrams

Friction

Circular Motion

🌍 Unit 4: Work, Energy and Power

Work by Constant and Variable Force

Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy

Work–Energy Theorem

Power

Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces

🌌 Unit 5: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body

Centre of Mass

Linear Momentum

Torque

Angular Momentum

Rotational Motion

Moment of Inertia

🌐 Unit 6: Gravitation

Universal Law of Gravitation

Acceleration due to Gravity

Escape Velocity

Satellites

Kepler’s Laws

🔥 Unit 7: Properties of Bulk Matter

Elastic Behaviour of Solids

Stress and Strain

Fluid Mechanics

Viscosity

Surface Tension

🌡️ Unit 8: Thermodynamics

Thermal Equilibrium

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Heat and Work

First Law of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Heat Engines and Refrigerators

🌊 Unit 9: Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory

Equation of State

Kinetic Theory of Gases

Molecular Speeds

Mean Free Path

🔊 Unit 10: Oscillations and Waves

Simple Harmonic Motion

Damped and Forced Oscillations

Wave Motion

Sound Waves

Doppler Effect

📗 Class 12 Physics – Course Content
⚡ Unit 1: Electrostatics

Electric Charges and Fields

Coulomb’s Law

Electric Field and Potential

Capacitors

🔌 Unit 2: Current Electricity

Electric Current

Ohm’s Law

Drift Velocity

Resistance and Resistivity

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Wheatstone Bridge

🧲 Unit 3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Magnetic Field

Biot–Savart Law

Ampere’s Law

Lorentz Force

Cyclotron

Moving Coil Galvanometer

🔄 Unit 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Curren
t
Faraday’s Laws

Lenz’s Law

Self and Mutual Induction

AC Circuits

Transformers

🌈 Unit 5: Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement Current

EM Wave Spectrum

Properties of EM Waves

🔦 Unit 6: Optics

Reflection and Refraction

Mirrors and Lenses

Optical Instruments

Wave Optics

Interference

Diffraction

Polarization

⚛️ Unit 7: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Photoelectric Effect

de Broglie Waves

Davisson–Germer Experiment

🧪 Unit 8: Atoms and Nuclei

Atomic Models

Bohr’s Model

Nuclear Reactions

Radioactivity

Mass–Energy Relation

💻 Unit 9: Electronic Devices

Semiconductor Basics

PN Junction

Diodes

Transistors

Logic Gates

🌍 Unit 10: Communication Systems

Basic Communication System

Modulation

Propagation of EM Waves

Bandwidth

📌 Practical & Skills

Physics Experiments (Class 11 & 12)

Numerical Problem Solving

Graphs & Diagrams

Viva Preparation

Chemistry Curriculum

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. Our comprehensive chemistry course covers all essential topics for higher secondary education.

Syllabus Coverage:

• Organic Chemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Physical Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biochemistry

Course Content:

📘 Class 11 Chemistry – Course Content 🔰 Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Importance and Scope of Chemistry

Laws of Chemical Combination

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Mole Concept and Stoichiometry

Concentration Terms

⚛️ Unit 2: Structure of Atom

Discovery of Electron, Proton, Neutron

Atomic Models

Quantum Numbers

Electronic Configuration

Aufbau Principle

Hund’s Rule

📊 Unit 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity

Modern Periodic Table

Periodic Trends

Atomic Radius

Ionization Energy

Electron Affinity

Electronegativity

🔗 Unit 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Ionic Bond

Covalent Bond

Lewis Structures

VSEPR Theory

Hybridization

Molecular Orbital Theory

🧪 Unit 5: States of Matter

Gaseous State

Liquid State

Solid State

Gas Laws

Intermolecular Forces

🔥 Unit 6: Thermodynamics

System and Surroundings

First Law of Thermodynamics

Enthalpy

Hess’s Law

Entropy

Gibbs Free Energy

🔄 Unit 7: Equilibrium

Chemical Equilibrium

Law of Mass Action

Equilibrium Constant

Ionic Equilibrium

Acids, Bases, Salts

pH Scale

🔴 Unit 8: Redox Reactions

Oxidation and Reduction

Balancing Redox Reactions

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

🧲 Unit 9: Hydrogen

Position of Hydrogen

Isotopes of Hydrogen

Properties and Uses

🧱 Unit 10: s-Block Elements

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

General Properties

Important Compounds

🌿 Unit 11: Some p-Block Elements

Group 13 and 14 Elements

Boron and Carbon Family

Properties and Uses

🧬 Unit 12: Organic Chemistry – Basic Principles

Classification of Organic Compounds

Homologous Series

Nomenclature (IUPAC)

Isomerism

Reaction Mechanisms

🧪 Unit 13: Hydrocarbons

Alkanes

Alkenes

Alkynes

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

📗 Class 12 Chemistry – Course Content
⚡ Unit 1: Solid State

Types of Solids

Crystal Lattice

Unit Cell

Packing Efficiency

Defects in Solids

🧪 Unit 2: Solutions

Types of Solutions

Concentration Terms

Raoult’s Law

Colligative Properties

🔋 Unit 3: Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Cells

Nernst Equation

Conductance

Corrosion

⚙️ Unit 4: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of Reaction

Rate Laws

Order and Molecularity

Activation Energy

Arrhenius Equation

🧲 Unit 5: Surface Chemistry

Adsorption

Catalysis

Colloids

🔩 Unit 6: General Principles and Processes of Metallurgy

Extraction of Metals

Ores and Minerals

Concentration of Ores

Refining of Metals

🧪 Unit 7: p-Block Elements

Group 15, 16, 17, 18 Elements

Properties and Applications

⚛️ Unit 8: d and f Block Elements

Transition Elements

Inner Transition Elements

Properties and Uses

🧬 Unit 9: Coordination Compounds

Werner’s Theory

Nomenclature

Isomerism

Bonding Theories

🌱 Unit 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Preparation

Properties

Reactions

🍷 Unit 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Classification

Preparation Methods

Chemical Properties

🍎 Unit 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature

Reactions

Uses

🧫 Unit 13: Amines

Classification

Preparation

Properties

Uses

🧬 Unit 14: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

💊 Unit 15: Polymers

Types of Polymers

Polymerization

Uses

🌍 Unit 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

Drugs and Medicines

Soaps and Detergents

Food Additives

🔬 Practical & Skill-Based Topics

Volumetric Analysis

Salt Analysis

Organic Compound Detection

Project Work.

Mathematics Curriculum

Mathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns. Our comprehensive mathematics course covers all essential topics for higher secondary education.

Syllabus Coverage:

• Algebra
• Calculus
• Geometry
• Trigonometry
• Statistics and Probability

Course Content:

📘 Class 11 Mathematics – Course Content
🔰 Unit 1: Sets

Definition of Sets

Types of Sets

Subsets

Power Set

Universal Set

Venn Diagrams

Operations on Sets

🔢 Unit 2: Relations and Functions

Ordered Pairs

Cartesian Product

Relations

Types of Relations

Functions

Types of Functions

🔢 Unit 3: Trigonometric Functions

Trigonometric Ratios

Trigonometric Identities

Trigonometric Equations

Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

🔢 Unit 4: Principle of Mathematical Induction

Mathematical Induction

Applications

🔢 Unit 5: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Complex Numbers

Algebra of Complex Numbers

Quadratic Equations

Nature of Roots

🔢 Unit 6: Linear Inequalities

Linear Inequalities

Graphical Solution

🔢 Unit 7: Permutations and Combinations

Fundamental Principle of Counting

Permutations

Combinations

🔢 Unit 8: Binomial Theorem

Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Indices

General Term

Middle Term

🔢 Unit 9: Sequences and Series

Arithmetic Progression

Geometric Progression

Special Series

📐 Unit 10: Straight Lines

Slope of a Line

Equation of a Line

Distance Between Two Points

📐 Unit 11: Conic Sections

Circle

Parabola

Ellipse

Hyperbola

📐 Unit 12: Introduction to Three-Dimensional Geometry

Coordinate System

Distance Formula

Section Formula

📊 Unit 13: Limits and Derivatives

Limits

Continuity

Derivatives

Differentiation Rules

📈 Unit 14: Statistics

Measures of Central Tendency

Mean

Median

Mode

📊 Unit 15: Probability

Random Experiments

Events

Probability Laws

📗 Class 12 Mathematics – Course Content
🔢 Unit 1: Relations and Functions

Types of Relations

Inverse Functions

Composition of Functions

🔢 Unit 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Definition

Properties

Graphs

📊 Unit 3: Matrices

Types of Matrices

Matrix Operations

Determinants

Inverse of a Matrix

📊 Unit 4: Determinants

Properties of Determinants

Application in Solving Equations

📈 Unit 5: Continuity and Differentiability

Continuity

Differentiability

Chain Rule

Implicit Differentiation

📈 Unit 6: Applications of Derivatives

Rate of Change

Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Tangents and Normals

Maxima and Minima

📐 Unit 7: Integrals

Indefinite Integrals

Definite Integrals

Properties of Definite Integrals

📐 Unit 8: Applications of Integrals

Area Under Curves

📐 Unit 9: Differential Equations

Order and Degree

Formation of Differential Equations

Solution of Differential Equations

📐 Unit 10: Vector Algebra

Vectors

Scalar and Vector Products

📐 Unit 11: Three-Dimensional Geometry

Direction Cosines and Ratios

Equation of Line

Equation of Plane

📊 Unit 12: Linear Programming

Linear Programming Problems

Graphical Solutions

📊 Unit 13: Probability

Conditional Probability

Bayes’ Theorem

Random Variables

📌 Practical / Applied Focus

Mathematical Reasoning

Graph-based Problems

Case Study Based Questions

IT Curriculum

Information Technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange electronic data. Our comprehensive IT course covers all essential topics for higher secondary education.

Syllabus Coverage:

• Computer Fundamentals
• Programming Concepts
• Database Management
• Networking
• Web Technologies

Course Content:

💻 Class 11 Information Technology – Course Content
🔰 Unit 1: Introduction to Information Technology

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Components of Computer System

Hardware and Software

Input, Output and Storage Devices

Computer Memory (Primary & Secondary)

Operating Systems – Basics

🖥️ Unit 2: Basics of Computer Hardware

CPU Architecture

Motherboard

RAM, ROM

Storage Devices (HDD, SSD, Pen Drive)

Ports and Peripherals

🧑‍💻 Unit 3: Operating System

Functions of Operating System

Types of Operating Systems

File and Folder Management

Windows / Linux Basics

Command Line Basics

📝 Unit 4: Word Processing (MS Word / LibreOffice Writer)

Creating and Editing Documents

Formatting Text and Pages

Tables, Images and Shapes

Mail Merge

Page Setup and Printing

📊 Unit 5: Spreadsheet (MS Excel / LibreOffice Calc)

Workbook and Worksheet

Data Entry

Formulas and Functions

Charts and Graphs

Data Sorting and Filtering

📽️ Unit 6: Presentation Software (PowerPoint / Impress)

Creating Slides

Slide Layouts and Themes

Animations and Transitions

Inserting Audio and Video

Slide Show Settings

🌐 Unit 7: Internet and Web Technology

Internet Basics

Web Browsers

Search Engines

Email Services

Cloud Computing Basics

Cyber Safety and Security

🧠 Unit 8: Programming Basics (Python / C / Java – Intro)

Introduction to Programming

Algorithms and Flowcharts

Variables and Data Types

Operators

Conditional Statements

Looping Statements

🗄️ Unit 9: Database Basics

Introduction to Database

DBMS Concepts

Tables, Records and Fields

Primary Key

Simple SQL Queries

🔐 Unit 10: IT Ethics and Cyber Law

Cyber Ethics

Cyber Crimes

Intellectual Property Rights

Digital Signatures

Data Privacy

💻 Class 12 Information Technology – Course Content
⚙️ Unit 1: Advanced Programming (Python / Java)

Functions

Modules

File Handling

Exception Handling

Object-Oriented Programming Basics

🌐 Unit 2: Web Development

HTML Basics

CSS Basics

Creating Web Pages

Forms and Tables

Responsive Design (Intro)

🗄️ Unit 3: Database Management System

Advanced DBMS Concepts

SQL Queries (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)

Constraints

Relationships

Normalization (Basics)

🔗 Unit 4: Networking Basics

Computer Networks

Types of Networks (LAN, WAN, MAN)

Network Devices

Internet Protocols

Network Security Basics

☁️ Unit 5: Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Concepts

Types of Cloud

Cloud Services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)

Advantages and Challenges

📱 Unit 6: Multimedia and Digital Media

Image, Audio and Video Basics

Multimedia Tools

File Formats

Compression Techniques

🔐 Unit 7: Cyber Security

Types of Cyber Threats

Malware

Firewalls

Antivirus

Safe Online Practices

🧠 Unit 8: Data Handling & Analysis

Data Collection

Data Representation

Basic Data Analysis

Introduction to Data Visualization

🧪 Unit 9: Project Work

Problem Identification

Planning and Design

Implementation

Documentation

Presentation

📌 Practical & Skill-Based Topics

Programming Lab (Python / Java)

SQL Practice

Web Page Creation

Office Automation Tasks

Biology Curriculum

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms. Our comprehensive biology course covers all essential topics for higher secondary education.

Syllabus Coverage:

• Cell Biology
• Genetics
• Evolution
• Ecology
• Human Anatomy and Physiology

Course Content:

🧬 Class 11 Biology – Course Content
🔰 Unit 1: Diversity in Living World

The Living World

Biological Classification

Plant Kingdom

Animal Kingdom

🌿 Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Structural Organisation in Animals

🔬 Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function

Cell Theory

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Organelles

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

🧪 Unit 4: Plant Physiology

Transport in Plants

Mineral Nutrition

Photosynthesis

Respiration in Plants

Plant Growth and Development

🧠 Unit 5: Human Physiology

Digestion and Absorption

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Body Fluids and Circulation

Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Locomotion and Movement

Neural Control and Coordination

Chemical Coordination and Integration

🧬 Class 12 Biology – Course Content
🧫 Unit 1: Reproduction

Reproduction in Organisms

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Human Reproduction

Reproductive Health

🧬 Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Evolution

🧪 Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare

Human Health and Disease

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Microbes in Human Welfare

🌱 Unit 4: Biotechnology and Its Applications

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Biotechnology and Its Applications

🌍 Unit 5: Ecology and Environment

Organisms and Populations

Ecosystem

Biodiversity and Conservation

Environmental Issues

🔬 Practical & Skill-Based Topics

Biology Experiments

Microscope Handling

Slide Preparation

Spotting

Project Work

English Curriculum

English language learning is essential for academic and professional success. Our comprehensive English course covers all essential topics for higher secondary education.

Syllabus Coverage:

• Grammar and Vocabulary
• Literature
• Communication Skills
• Writing Skills
• Reading Comprehension

Learning Approach:

📘 Class 11 English – Course Content
📖 Section A: Reading Skills

Unseen Passages (Factual & Discursive)

Comprehension Skills

Vocabulary and Inference

✍️ Section B: Writing Skills

Notice Writing

Poster Making

Article Writing

Speech Writing

Debate Writing

Letter Writing (Formal & Informal)

📚 Section C: Literature
🟢 Prose (Hornbill)

The Portrait of a Lady

We’re Not Afraid to Die… if We Can All Be Together

Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues

The Ailing Planet

The Browning Version

Silk Road

🔵 Poetry (Hornbill)

A Photograph

The Laburnum Top

The Voice of the Rain

Childhood

Father to Son

🟣 Supplementary Reader (Snapshots)

The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse

The Address

Ranga’s Marriage

Albert Einstein at School

Mother’s Day

The Ghat of the Only World

Birth

The Tale of Melon City

🎭 Section D: Grammar

Tenses

Modals

Active & Passive Voice

Direct & Indirect Speech

Determiners

Clauses

📗 Class 12 English – Course Content
📖 Section A: Reading Skills

Unseen Passages (Prose & Poetry)

Note Making

Summarization

✍️ Section B: Writing Skills

Notice & Invitation Writing

Article Writing

Report Writing

Job Application & Resume

Speech & Debate Writing

📚 Section C: Literature
🟢 Prose (Flamingo)

The Last Lesson

Lost Spring

Deep Water

The Rattrap

Indigo

Poets and Pancakes

The Interview

Going Places

🔵 Poetry (Flamingo)

My Mother at Sixty-Six

An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum

Keeping Quiet

A Thing of Beauty

Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers

🟣 Supplementary Reader (Vistas)

The Third Level

The Tiger King

Journey to the End of the Earth

The Enemy

Should Wizard Hit Mommy?

On the Face of It

Evans Tries an O-Level

Memories of Childhood

🎭 Section D: Grammar

Tenses and Modals

Determiners

Subject–Verb Agreement

Clauses
Editing & Omission

Odia Curriculum

Odia language learning preserves cultural heritage and communication skills. Our comprehensive Odia course covers all essential topics for higher secondary education.

Syllabus Coverage:

• Odia Language Basics
• Literature
• Grammar
• Writing Skills
• Cultural Studies

Learning Approach:

📘 Class 11 Odia (CHSE Odisha) – Syllabus Content
📖 Prose (ଗଦ୍ୟ)

ସତ୍ୟବାଦୀ ହରିଶ୍ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର

ଜୀବନର ମୂଲ୍ୟ

ଆମ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାହିତ୍ୟ

ମାନବତା

ଶିକ୍ଷା ଓ ସଂସ୍କୃତି

🎵 Poetry (ପଦ୍ୟ)

ଜାତୀୟ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ

ମାତୃଭୂମି

ଭକ୍ତି କବିତା

ପ୍ରକୃତି ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା

ଦେଶପ୍ରେମ କବିତା

📜 Short Stories (ଗଳ୍ପ)

ମାନବ ଜୀବନର କଥା

ସମାଜ ଓ ନୀତି

ନୀତିଶିକ୍ଷାମୂଳକ ଗଳ୍ପ

✍️ Grammar (ବ୍ୟାକରଣ)

ଅକ୍ଷର ଓ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ

ସନ୍ଧି

ସମାସ

ବିଭକ୍ତି

କାଳ

ବାକ୍ୟ ରଚନା

ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟବାଚୀ ଶବ୍ଦ

ବିପରୀତାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ

✏️ Writing Skills (ଲେଖନ କୌଶଳ)

ନିବନ୍ଧ ଲେଖନ

ପତ୍ର ଲେଖନ (ଆଧିକାରିକ / ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ)

ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା

ସାରାଂଶ ଲେଖନ

📗 Class 12 Odia (CHSE Odisha) – Syllabus Content
📖 Prose (ଗଦ୍ୟ)

ଉତ୍କଳ ଗୌରବ ମଧୁସୂଦନ

ଜୀବନ ଦର୍ଶନ

ନୀତି ଓ ନ୍ୟାୟ

ଆଧୁନିକ ସମାଜ

ମାନବ ମୂଲ୍ୟବୋଧ

🎵 Poetry (ପଦ୍ୟ)

ଉତ୍କଳ ମାତୃଭୂମି

ଭାରତୀୟ ସଂସ୍କୃତି

ଦାର୍ଶନିକ କବିତା

ସାମାଜିକ ଚେତନା

ଆଧୁନିକ ଓଡ଼ିଆ କବିତା

📜 Drama / One Act Play (ନାଟକ)

ସାମାଜିକ ନାଟକ

ଏକାଙ୍କିକା

ପାତ୍ର ଓ କଥାବସ୍ତୁ ବିଶ୍ଳେଷଣ

📚 Novel / Long Story (ଉପନ୍ୟାସ)

ଚରିତ୍ର ଚିତ୍ରଣ

କଥାବସ୍ତୁ

ସାମାଜିକ ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ

✍️ Grammar (ବ୍ୟାକରଣ)

ସନ୍ଧି ଓ ସମାସ

କାରକ

ବାକ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ

ଶବ୍ଦ ଶୁଦ୍ଧି

ଅଲଙ୍କାର

ଛନ୍ଦ

✏️ Writing Skills (ଲେଖନ କୌଶଳ)

ନିବନ୍ଧ ଲେଖନ

ରିପୋର୍ଟ ଲେଖନ

ପ୍ରବନ୍ଧ ଲେଖନ

ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା

ଚିଠି ଓ ଆବେଦନ ପତ୍ର

📝 Exam & Skill Focus

ପାଠ୍ୟ ଆଧାରିତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ

ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା

ରଚନାମୂଳକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ

ଭାଷା ଶୁଦ୍ଧତା